Wereldlijst van Berend Veenstra
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375 soorten
375 taxa
Berend Veenstra heeft soorten van 67 van de 254 vogelfamilies gezien en soorten van 25 van de 44 ordes.
STRUTHIONIFORMESOstriches · Struthionidae |
|
1. | Common Ostrich · Struthio camelus |
ANSERIFORMESDucks, Geese, Swans · Anatidae |
|
2. | Brant Goose · Branta bernicla |
3. | Red-breasted Goose · Branta ruficollis |
4. | Canada Goose · Branta canadensis |
5. | Barnacle Goose · Branta leucopsis |
6. | Emperor Goose · Anser canagicus |
7. | Ross's Goose · Anser rossii |
8. | Snow Goose · Anser caerulescens |
9. | Greylag Goose · Anser anser |
10. | Taiga Bean Goose · Anser fabalis |
11. | Pink-footed Goose · Anser brachyrhynchus |
12. | Tundra Bean Goose · Anser serrirostris |
13. | Greater White-fronted Goose · Anser albifrons |
14. | Black Swan · Cygnus atratus |
15. | Mute Swan · Cygnus olor |
16. | Tundra Swan · Cygnus columbianus |
17. | Whooper Swan · Cygnus cygnus |
18. | Spur-winged Goose · Plectropterus gambensis |
19. | Egyptian Goose · Alopochen aegyptiaca |
20. | Common Shelduck · Tadorna tadorna |
21. | Ruddy Shelduck · Tadorna ferruginea |
22. | Mandarin Duck · Aix galericulata |
23. | Baikal Teal · Sibirionetta formosa |
24. | Garganey · Spatula querquedula |
25. | Northern Shoveler · Spatula clypeata |
26. | Gadwall · Mareca strepera |
27. | Falcated Duck · Mareca falcata |
28. | Eurasian Wigeon · Mareca penelope |
29. | American Wigeon · Mareca americana |
30. | African Black Duck · Anas sparsa |
31. | Mallard · Anas platyrhynchos |
32. | Northern Pintail · Anas acuta |
33. | Eurasian Teal · Anas crecca |
34. | Green-winged Teal · Anas carolinensis |
35. | Marbled Duck · Marmaronetta angustirostris |
36. | Red-crested Pochard · Netta rufina |
37. | Redhead · Aythya americana |
38. | Common Pochard · Aythya ferina |
39. | Ferruginous Duck · Aythya nyroca |
40. | Ring-necked Duck · Aythya collaris |
41. | Tufted Duck · Aythya fuligula |
42. | Greater Scaup · Aythya marila |
43. | Lesser Scaup · Aythya affinis |
44. | Spectacled Eider · Somateria fischeri |
45. | King Eider · Somateria spectabilis |
46. | Common Eider · Somateria mollissima |
47. | Surf Scoter · Melanitta perspicillata |
48. | Velvet Scoter · Melanitta fusca |
49. | Common Scoter · Melanitta nigra |
50. | Long-tailed Duck · Clangula hyemalis |
51. | Bufflehead · Bucephala albeola |
52. | Common Goldeneye · Bucephala clangula |
53. | Smew · Mergellus albellus |
54. | Hooded Merganser · Lophodytes cucullatus |
55. | Common Merganser · Mergus merganser |
56. | Red-breasted Merganser · Mergus serrator |
57. | Ruddy Duck · Oxyura jamaicensis |
GALLIFORMESGuineafowl · Numididae |
|
58. | Helmeted Guineafowl · Numida meleagris |
59. | Eastern Crested Guineafowl · Guttera pucherani |
Pheasants & Allies · Phasianidae |
|
60. | Common Pheasant · Phasianus colchicus |
61. | Crested Francolin · Ortygornis sephaena |
62. | Coqui Francolin · Campocolinus coqui |
63. | Natal Spurfowl · Pternistis natalensis |
64. | Swainson's Spurfowl · Pternistis swainsonii |
CAPRIMULGIFORMESNightjars · Caprimulgidae |
|
65. | European Nightjar · Caprimulgus europaeus |
66. | Fiery-necked Nightjar · Caprimulgus pectoralis |
APODIFORMESSwifts · Apodidae |
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67. | Short-tailed Swift · Chaetura brachyura |
68. | African Palm Swift · Cypsiurus parvus |
69. | Common Swift · Apus apus |
70. | African Black Swift · Apus barbatus |
Hummingbirds · Trochilidae |
|
71. | Reddish Hermit · Phaethornis ruber |
72. | Black-throated Mango · Anthracothorax nigricollis |
73. | Glittering-throated Emerald · Chionomesa fimbriata |
MUSOPHAGIFORMESTuracos · Musophagidae |
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74. | Purple-crested Turaco · Gallirex porphyreolophus |
75. | Livingstone's Turaco · Tauraco livingstonii |
OTIDIFORMESBustards · Otididae |
|
76. | Black-bellied Bustard · Lissotis melanogaster |
77. | Little Bustard · Tetrax tetrax |
CUCULIFORMESCuckoos · Cuculidae |
|
78. | Greater Ani · Crotophaga major |
79. | Smooth-billed Ani · Crotophaga ani |
80. | Burchell's Coucal · Centropus burchellii |
81. | Great Spotted Cuckoo · Clamator glandarius |
82. | Squirrel Cuckoo · Piaya cayana |
83. | Square-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo · Surniculus lugubris |
84. | Fork-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo · Surniculus dicruroides |
85. | Common Cuckoo · Cuculus canorus |
PTEROCLIFORMESSandgrouse · Pteroclidae |
|
86. | Double-banded Sandgrouse · Pterocles bicinctus |
COLUMBIFORMESPigeons, Doves · Columbidae |
|
87. | Rock Dove · Columba livia |
88. | Speckled Pigeon · Columba guinea |
89. | Stock Dove · Columba oenas |
90. | Common Wood Pigeon · Columba palumbus |
91. | African Olive Pigeon · Columba arquatrix |
92. | European Turtle Dove · Streptopelia turtur |
93. | Oriental Turtle Dove · Streptopelia orientalis |
94. | Eurasian Collared Dove · Streptopelia decaocto |
95. | Red Collared Dove · Streptopelia tranquebarica |
96. | Laughing Dove · Spilopelia senegalensis |
GRUIFORMESRails, Crakes & Coots · Rallidae |
|
97. | Common Moorhen · Gallinula chloropus |
98. | Eurasian Coot · Fulica atra |
99. | Red-knobbed Coot · Fulica cristata |
100. | Black Crake · Zapornia flavirostra |
Trumpeters · Psophiidae |
|
101. | Grey-winged Trumpeter · Psophia crepitans |
Cranes · Gruidae |
|
102. | Common Crane · Grus grus |
PODICIPEDIFORMESGrebes · Podicipedidae |
|
103. | Little Grebe · Tachybaptus ruficollis |
104. | Red-necked Grebe · Podiceps grisegena |
105. | Great Crested Grebe · Podiceps cristatus |
106. | Horned Grebe · Podiceps auritus |
107. | Black-necked Grebe · Podiceps nigricollis |
PHOENICOPTERIFORMESFlamingos · Phoenicopteridae |
|
108. | Greater Flamingo · Phoenicopterus roseus |
109. | American Flamingo · Phoenicopterus ruber |
110. | Chilean Flamingo · Phoenicopterus chilensis |
CHARADRIIFORMESStone-curlews, Thick-knees · Burhinidae |
|
111. | Water Thick-knee · Burhinus vermiculatus |
112. | Eurasian Stone-curlew · Burhinus oedicnemus |
Oystercatchers · Haematopodidae |
|
113. | Eurasian Oystercatcher · Haematopus ostralegus |
Stilts, Avocets · Recurvirostridae |
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114. | Black-winged Stilt · Himantopus himantopus |
115. | Pied Avocet · Recurvirostra avosetta |
Plovers · Charadriidae |
|
116. | Grey Plover · Pluvialis squatarola |
117. | European Golden Plover · Pluvialis apricaria |
118. | Pacific Golden Plover · Pluvialis fulva |
119. | American Golden Plover · Pluvialis dominica |
120. | Eurasian Dotterel · Eudromias morinellus |
121. | Common Ringed Plover · Charadrius hiaticula |
122. | Three-banded Plover · Charadrius tricollaris |
123. | Little Ringed Plover · Charadrius dubius |
124. | Northern Lapwing · Vanellus vanellus |
125. | Blacksmith Lapwing · Vanellus armatus |
126. | Spur-winged Lapwing · Vanellus spinosus |
127. | Yellow-wattled Lapwing · Vanellus malabaricus |
128. | White-crowned Lapwing · Vanellus albiceps |
129. | Sociable Lapwing · Vanellus gregarius |
130. | Caspian Plover · Anarhynchus asiaticus |
131. | Greater Sand Plover · Anarhynchus leschenaultii |
Sandpipers, Snipes · Scolopacidae |
|
132. | Eurasian Whimbrel · Numenius phaeopus |
133. | Eurasian Curlew · Numenius arquata |
134. | Bar-tailed Godwit · Limosa lapponica |
135. | Black-tailed Godwit · Limosa limosa |
136. | Jack Snipe · Lymnocryptes minimus |
137. | Eurasian Woodcock · Scolopax rusticola |
138. | Great Snipe · Gallinago media |
139. | Common Snipe · Gallinago gallinago |
140. | Wilson's Phalarope · Phalaropus tricolor |
141. | Red Phalarope · Phalaropus fulicarius |
142. | Red-necked Phalarope · Phalaropus lobatus |
143. | Terek Sandpiper · Xenus cinereus |
144. | Common Sandpiper · Actitis hypoleucos |
145. | Spotted Sandpiper · Actitis macularius |
146. | Green Sandpiper · Tringa ochropus |
147. | Marsh Sandpiper · Tringa stagnatilis |
148. | Wood Sandpiper · Tringa glareola |
149. | Common Redshank · Tringa totanus |
150. | Lesser Yellowlegs · Tringa flavipes |
151. | Spotted Redshank · Tringa erythropus |
152. | Common Greenshank · Tringa nebularia |
153. | Greater Yellowlegs · Tringa melanoleuca |
154. | Ruddy Turnstone · Arenaria interpres |
155. | Red Knot · Calidris canutus |
156. | Ruff · Calidris pugnax |
157. | Broad-billed Sandpiper · Calidris falcinellus |
158. | Sharp-tailed Sandpiper · Calidris acuminata |
159. | Stilt Sandpiper · Calidris himantopus |
160. | Curlew Sandpiper · Calidris ferruginea |
161. | Temminck's Stint · Calidris temminckii |
162. | Long-toed Stint · Calidris subminuta |
163. | Buff-breasted Sandpiper · Calidris subruficollis |
164. | Sanderling · Calidris alba |
165. | Dunlin · Calidris alpina |
166. | Purple Sandpiper · Calidris maritima |
167. | Baird's Sandpiper · Calidris bairdii |
168. | Little Stint · Calidris minuta |
169. | White-rumped Sandpiper · Calidris fuscicollis |
170. | Pectoral Sandpiper · Calidris melanotos |
Coursers, Pratincoles · Glareolidae |
|
171. | Black-winged Pratincole · Glareola nordmanni |
Gulls, Terns, Skimmers · Laridae |
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172. | Little Tern · Sternula albifrons |
173. | Gull-billed Tern · Gelochelidon nilotica |
174. | Caspian Tern · Hydroprogne caspia |
175. | Whiskered Tern · Chlidonias hybrida |
176. | Black Tern · Chlidonias niger |
177. | White-winged Tern · Chlidonias leucopterus |
178. | Arctic Tern · Sterna paradisaea |
179. | Little Gull · Hydrocoloeus minutus |
180. | Ross's Gull · Rhodostethia rosea |
181. | Black-legged Kittiwake · Rissa tridactyla |
182. | Sabine's Gull · Xema sabini |
183. | Bonaparte's Gull · Chroicocephalus philadelphia |
184. | Black-headed Gull · Chroicocephalus ridibundus |
185. | Common Gull · Larus canus |
186. | Ring-billed Gull · Larus delawarensis |
187. | Yellow-legged Gull · Larus michahellis |
188. | Great Black-backed Gull · Larus marinus |
189. | Glaucous Gull · Larus hyperboreus |
190. | Lesser Black-backed Gull · Larus fuscus |
191. | Iceland Gull · Larus glaucoides |
Skuas · Stercorariidae |
|
192. | Long-tailed Jaeger · Stercorarius longicaudus |
193. | Parasitic Jaeger · Stercorarius parasiticus |
194. | Pomarine Jaeger · Stercorarius pomarinus |
195. | Great Skua · Stercorarius skua |
Auks · Alcidae |
|
196. | Black Guillemot · Cepphus grylle |
197. | Razorbill · Alca torda |
198. | Little Auk · Alle alle |
199. | Thick-billed Murre · Uria lomvia |
200. | Common Murre · Uria aalge |
GAVIIFORMESLoons · Gaviidae |
|
201. | Red-throated Loon · Gavia stellata |
202. | Black-throated Loon · Gavia arctica |
203. | Common Loon · Gavia immer |
CICONIIFORMESStorks · Ciconiidae |
|
204. | Marabou Stork · Leptoptilos crumenifer |
205. | Saddle-billed Stork · Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis |
206. | Black Stork · Ciconia nigra |
207. | White Stork · Ciconia ciconia |
SULIFORMESCormorants, Shags · Phalacrocoracidae |
|
208. | Reed Cormorant · Microcarbo africanus |
209. | White-breasted Cormorant · Phalacrocorax lucidus |
210. | Great Cormorant · Phalacrocorax carbo |
211. | European Shag · Gulosus aristotelis |
PELECANIFORMESIbises, Spoonbills · Threskiornithidae |
|
212. | African Sacred Ibis · Threskiornis aethiopicus |
213. | Northern Bald Ibis · Geronticus eremita |
214. | Southern Bald Ibis · Geronticus calvus |
215. | Hadada Ibis · Bostrychia hagedash |
216. | Glossy Ibis · Plegadis falcinellus |
217. | Eurasian Spoonbill · Platalea leucorodia |
218. | African Spoonbill · Platalea alba |
Herons, Bitterns · Ardeidae |
|
219. | Eurasian Bittern · Botaurus stellaris |
220. | Little Bittern · Botaurus minutus |
221. | Black-crowned Night Heron · Nycticorax nycticorax |
222. | Tricolored Heron · Egretta tricolor |
223. | Snowy Egret · Egretta thula |
224. | Little Egret · Egretta garzetta |
225. | Striated Heron · Butorides striata |
226. | Great Egret · Ardea alba |
227. | Western Cattle Egret · Ardea ibis |
228. | Grey Heron · Ardea cinerea |
229. | Purple Heron · Ardea purpurea |
230. | Black-headed Heron · Ardea melanocephala |
231. | Goliath Heron · Ardea goliath |
Hamerkop · Scopidae |
|
232. | Hamerkop · Scopus umbretta |
Pelicans · Pelecanidae |
|
233. | Great White Pelican · Pelecanus onocrotalus |
234. | Pink-backed Pelican · Pelecanus rufescens |
235. | Dalmatian Pelican · Pelecanus crispus |
236. | Brown Pelican · Pelecanus occidentalis |
ACCIPITRIFORMESNew World Vultures · Cathartidae |
|
237. | Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture · Cathartes burrovianus |
238. | Greater Yellow-headed Vulture · Cathartes melambrotus |
Ospreys · Pandionidae |
|
239. | Osprey · Pandion haliaetus |
Kites, Hawks, Eagles · Accipitridae |
|
240. | Black-winged Kite · Elanus caeruleus |
241. | African Harrier-Hawk · Polyboroides typus |
242. | European Honey Buzzard · Pernis apivorus |
243. | White-backed Vulture · Gyps africanus |
244. | White-rumped Vulture · Gyps bengalensis |
245. | Cape Vulture · Gyps coprotheres |
246. | Short-toed Snake Eagle · Circaetus gallicus |
247. | Brown Snake Eagle · Circaetus cinereus |
248. | Bateleur · Terathopius ecaudatus |
249. | Bat Hawk · Macheiramphus alcinus |
250. | Wahlberg's Eagle · Hieraaetus wahlbergi |
251. | Eastern Imperial Eagle · Aquila heliaca |
252. | Gabar Goshawk · Micronisus gabar |
253. | Dark Chanting Goshawk · Melierax metabates |
254. | Eurasian Sparrowhawk · Accipiter nisus |
255. | Western Marsh Harrier · Circus aeruginosus |
256. | Hen Harrier · Circus cyaneus |
257. | Pallid Harrier · Circus macrourus |
258. | Montagu's Harrier · Circus pygargus |
259. | Red Kite · Milvus milvus |
260. | Black Kite · Milvus migrans |
261. | Yellow-billed Kite · Milvus aegyptius |
262. | White-tailed Eagle · Haliaeetus albicilla |
263. | African Fish Eagle · Icthyophaga vocifer |
264. | Rough-legged Buzzard · Buteo lagopus |
265. | Long-legged Buzzard · Buteo rufinus |
266. | Common Buzzard · Buteo buteo |
267. | Jackal Buzzard · Buteo rufofuscus |
STRIGIFORMESBarn Owls · Tytonidae |
|
268. | Western Barn Owl · Tyto alba |
Owls · Strigidae |
|
269. | Boreal Owl · Aegolius funereus |
270. | Little Owl · Athene noctua |
271. | Northern Hawk-Owl · Surnia ulula |
272. | Eurasian Pygmy Owl · Glaucidium passerinum |
273. | Long-eared Owl · Asio otus |
274. | Short-eared Owl · Asio flammeus |
275. | Eurasian Eagle-Owl · Bubo bubo |
276. | Tawny Owl · Strix aluco |
BUCEROTIFORMESHoopoes · Upupidae |
|
277. | Eurasian Hoopoe · Upupa epops |
278. | African Hoopoe · Upupa africana |
Wood Hoopoes · Phoeniculidae |
|
279. | Common Scimitarbill · Rhinopomastus cyanomelas |
Hornbills · Bucerotidae |
|
280. | Southern Red-billed Hornbill · Tockus rufirostris |
281. | Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill · Tockus leucomelas |
282. | African Grey Hornbill · Lophoceros nasutus |
283. | Trumpeter Hornbill · Bycanistes bucinator |
CORACIIFORMESRollers · Coraciidae |
|
284. | Lilac-breasted Roller · Coracias caudatus |
Kingfishers · Alcedinidae |
|
285. | Brown-hooded Kingfisher · Halcyon albiventris |
286. | Woodland Kingfisher · Halcyon senegalensis |
287. | African Pygmy Kingfisher · Ispidina picta |
288. | Malachite Kingfisher · Corythornis cristatus |
289. | Common Kingfisher · Alcedo atthis |
290. | Half-collared Kingfisher · Alcedo semitorquata |
291. | Giant Kingfisher · Megaceryle maxima |
292. | Pied Kingfisher · Ceryle rudis |
Bee-eaters · Meropidae |
|
293. | White-fronted Bee-eater · Merops bullockoides |
294. | European Bee-eater · Merops apiaster |
PICIFORMESAfrican Barbets · Lybiidae |
|
295. | Crested Barbet · Trachyphonus vaillantii |
296. | White-eared Barbet · Stactolaema leucotis |
297. | Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird · Pogoniulus bilineatus |
298. | Black-collared Barbet · Lybius torquatus |
Woodpeckers · Picidae |
|
299. | Eurasian Wryneck · Jynx torquilla |
300. | Middle Spotted Woodpecker · Dendrocoptes medius |
301. | Lesser Spotted Woodpecker · Dryobates minor |
302. | Syrian Woodpecker · Dendrocopos syriacus |
303. | Great Spotted Woodpecker · Dendrocopos major |
304. | Black Woodpecker · Dryocopus martius |
305. | European Green Woodpecker · Picus viridis |
PSITTACIFORMESAfrican & New World Parrots · Psittacidae |
|
306. | Brown-headed Parrot · Poicephalus cryptoxanthus |
PASSERIFORMESTyrant Flycatchers, Calyptura · Tyrannidae |
|
307. | Great Kiskadee · Pitangus sulphuratus |
308. | Lesser Kiskadee · Philohydor lictor |
Wattle-eyes, Batises · Platysteiridae |
|
309. | Cape Batis · Batis capensis |
310. | Chinspot Batis · Batis molitor |
Bushshrikes · Malaconotidae |
|
311. | Grey-headed Bushshrike · Malaconotus blanchoti |
312. | Gorgeous Bushshrike · Telophorus viridis |
313. | Red-eyed Puffback · Dryoscopus senegalensis |
314. | Southern Boubou · Laniarius ferrugineus |
315. | Brubru · Nilaus afer |
Shrikes · Laniidae |
|
316. | Magpie Shrike · Lanius melanoleucus |
317. | Northern Shrike · Lanius borealis |
Crows, Jays · Corvidae |
|
318. | Eurasian Magpie · Pica pica |
319. | House Crow · Corvus splendens |
320. | Cape Crow · Corvus capensis |
321. | Rook · Corvus frugilegus |
322. | Pied Crow · Corvus albus |
323. | White-necked Raven · Corvus albicollis |
Bulbuls · Pycnonotidae |
|
324. | Yellow-bellied Bulbul · Alophoixus phaeocephalus |
325. | Dark-capped Bulbul · Pycnonotus tricolor |
Swallows, Martins · Hirundinidae |
|
326. | Brown-throated Martin · Riparia paludicola |
327. | Sand Martin · Riparia riparia |
328. | Large Rock Martin · Ptyonoprogne fuligula |
329. | Barn Swallow · Hirundo rustica |
330. | Wire-tailed Swallow · Hirundo smithii |
331. | Western House Martin · Delichon urbicum |
332. | Lesser Striped Swallow · Cecropis abyssinica |
Crombecs, African Warblers · Macrosphenidae |
|
333. | Long-billed Crombec · Sylvietta rufescens |
White-eyes · Zosteropidae |
|
334. | Cape White-eye · Zosterops virens |
Wallcreeper · Tichodromidae |
|
335. | Wallcreeper · Tichodroma muraria |
Treecreepers · Certhiidae |
|
336. | Eurasian Treecreeper · Certhia familiaris |
337. | Short-toed Treecreeper · Certhia brachydactyla |
Starlings, Rhabdornises · Sturnidae |
|
338. | Common Myna · Acridotheres tristis |
339. | Black-winged Myna · Acridotheres melanopterus |
340. | Common Starling · Sturnus vulgaris |
341. | Cape Starling · Lamprotornis nitens |
342. | Greater Blue-eared Starling · Lamprotornis chalybaeus |
343. | Burchell's Starling · Lamprotornis australis |
Oxpeckers · Buphagidae |
|
344. | Yellow-billed Oxpecker · Buphagus africanus |
345. | Red-billed Oxpecker · Buphagus erythrorynchus |
Thrushes · Turdidae |
|
346. | Common Blackbird · Turdus merula |
347. | Ring Ouzel · Turdus torquatus |
Dippers · Cinclidae |
|
348. | White-throated Dipper · Cinclus cinclus |
Sunbirds · Nectariniidae |
|
349. | Collared Sunbird · Hedydipna collaris |
350. | Olive Sunbird · Cyanomitra olivacea |
351. | Amethyst Sunbird · Chalcomitra amethystina |
352. | Marico Sunbird · Cinnyris mariquensis |
Weavers, Widowbirds · Ploceidae |
|
353. | Thick-billed Weaver · Amblyospiza albifrons |
354. | Lesser Masked Weaver · Ploceus intermedius |
355. | Southern Masked Weaver · Ploceus velatus |
Wagtails, Pipits · Motacillidae |
|
356. | Western Yellow Wagtail · Motacilla flava |
357. | Citrine Wagtail · Motacilla citreola |
358. | Cape Wagtail · Motacilla capensis |
359. | Grey Wagtail · Motacilla cinerea |
360. | Mountain Wagtail · Motacilla clara |
361. | White Wagtail · Motacilla alba |
362. | African Pied Wagtail · Motacilla aguimp |
363. | Yellow-throated Longclaw · Macronyx croceus |
364. | Richard's Pipit · Anthus richardi |
365. | Wood Pipit · Anthus nyassae |
366. | Tree Pipit · Anthus trivialis |
367. | Olive-backed Pipit · Anthus hodgsoni |
368. | Water Pipit · Anthus spinoletta |
369. | Bushveld Pipit · Anthus caffer |
Oropendolas, New World Orioles, Blackbirds · Icteridae |
|
370. | Crested Oropendola · Psarocolius decumanus |
371. | Black Oropendola · Psarocolius guatimozinus |
Tanagers & Allies · Thraupidae |
|
372. | Lined Seedeater · Sporophila lineola |
373. | Cinnamon Tanager · Schistochlamys ruficapillus |
374. | Blue-grey Tanager · Thraupis episcopus |
375. | Palm Tanager · Thraupis palmarum |